ObjectiveThrough the implementation of competence building project of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) prevention and control, strengthen the competence for HAI prevention and control in China, promote the implementation of HAI prevention and control measures, and improve HAI management level.MethodsThe whole project included 7 subprogrammes for prevention and control of HAI :  ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP),  central lineassociated bloodstream infection (CLABSI),  catheterassociated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), surgical site infection (SSI),neonatal ward and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), hemodialysis center, and multidrugresistant organism (MDRO). Through the convening, baseline survey, and unified training, the participated hospitals started the project in accordance with the requirements, methods and contents. The project was initiated from October 2013; from October 2013 to March 2014, the investigation on HAI epidemiology, and implementation of prevention and control measures were carried out; from April to September 2014, various prevention and control intervention measures were conducted, and compliance to intervention measures were monitored .ResultsA total of 52 hospitals participated in the project, 49 hospitals reported the data.  Of deviceassociated infection (DAI) in ICUs, incidences of VAP, CLABSI , and CAUTI per 1 000 devicedays were 8.89‰, 1.32‰ and 2.02‰ respectively, in general ICUs were 9.6‰,1.4‰, and 2.2‰ respectively. Incidences of VAP and CAUTI between before and after intervention were both significantly different(both  P＜0.05). Hand hygiene compliance rate in ICUs was 76.33%（29 361/ 38 267）. Through taking intervention measures, overall compliance to  intervention measures and  hand hygiene among health care workers  all improved significantly, the differences between before and after intervention were all significantly different(all P＜0.05).ConclusionThe project effectively improved the implementation of prevention and control measures for HAI, reduced the incidence of HAI,  and is  worthy to be popularized.