ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures on improving hand hygiene(HH) compliance of health care workers(HCWs) in intensive care units (ICUs) by multicenter study. MethodsA total of 47 hospitals in 12 provinces and cities were enrolled in the study, from October 2013 to September 2014,  HH compliance among HCWs in ICUs was investigated according to World Health Organization HH investigation method, HH compliance rates before and after intervention were compared. ResultsHH compliance rate of HCWs  in ICUs increased from 73.70%(11 155/15 135) before intervention to 78.70%(18 206/23 132) after intervention（χ2=128.16，P＜0.01）; except northeast region , HH compliance of HCWs in the other provinces increased significantly after intervention（all P＜0.05）; among all departments, HH compliance of HCWs in general ICUs, respiratory ICUs, emergency ICUs, and surgical ICUs increased significantly（all P＜0.05）; HH compliance of HCWs of all kinds of occupations  increased significantly（all P＜0.05）; HH compliance rates before touching a patient，before clean/aseptic procedure，after touching a patient，and after touching patient surroundings increased significantly after intervention（all P＜0.01）. ConclusionComprehensive interventions are helpful for improving HH compliance of HCWs in ICUs.