ObjectiveTo intervene hand hygiene(HH)  of health care workers (HCWs) in an intensive care unit(ICU) of a hospital,  and evaluate HH compliance of  HCWs and influencing factors.Methods37 HCWs from an ICU of a teaching hospital were chosen as studied subjects, HH status before and after intervention was observed and analyzed by direct and indirect methods.ResultsIn the first monitoring stage, HH rate in baseline and postintervention survey stage was significantly different （46.96% vs  63.30%, χ2=7.344，P=0.007); in the second monitoring stage, HH compliance rate increased from 57.85%  to 88.58%. HH compliance rate was positively correlated with consumption of HH product per  bedday（r=0.725,P＜0.001）, but negatively correlated with incidence of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) and case rate of HAI（r=-0.983, -0.990, respectively, both P＜0.001）, HH rate to alcoholbased hand sanitizers was positively correlated with consumption of HH product per bedday （r=0.391, P＜0.001）.ConclusionLongterm monitoring and intervention of HH compliance is necessary, combination of direct observation and indirect assessment of HH product consumption is helpful for effective monitoring and intervention of HH compliance among HCWs.