ObjectiveTo detect the protective role of high mobility group box1 protein (HMGB1) antibody in  concanavalin A(ConA)induced liver injury in mice.MethodsThe healthy male Balb/c mice were grouped into control group (saline injection), model group(ConA injection) and experimental group(ConA+HMGB1 antibody injection). After 6 hours of injection, mice blood was collected for detecting alanine transaminase (ALT) and HMGB1,liver tissue was used to do HE stain, Tunel, and immunofluorescence detection.ResultsPathological inflammation in experimental group was slighter than model group. The levels of ALT and HMGB1 in mice serum were （52.00±8.34）U/L and （7.54±0.53）ng/mL in control group，（5 551.50±1 445.74）U/L and （18.06±1.65）ng/mL in model group，（1 977.40±654.89）U/L and (10.77±0.71）ng/mL in  experimental group, respectively; the expression levels of HMGB1 mRNA and HMGB1  (relative value) in liver tissue were 1.886±0.253 and 0.086±0.028  in control group，4.718±0.341 and 0.268±0.043 in model group，3.005±0.331 and 0.116±0.008  in  experimental group, respectively; the expression levels of ALT and HMGB1 in serum, as well as HMGB1 mRNA and HMGB1 in liver tissue of experimental group were all lower than model group(all P＜0.001). Apoptosis and HMGB1 migration  in the liver cell (normalized) were 1±0 and 1±0 in control group, 4.67±0.33 and 4.50±0.22 in model group，2.67±0.21 and 2.33±0.21 in experimental group, respectively; apoptosis and HMGB1 migration in liver tissue of experimental group were both lower than model group（both P＜0.001）.ConclusionHMGB1 antibody can improve the pathological injury of liver tissue, and protect mice liver against the injury induced by ConA.