ObjectiveTo realize current status of healthcareassociated infection (HAI) in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) of a hospital, and evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures.MethodsHAI in NICU was monitored, targeted intervention measures were implemented, incidence of HAI before and after intervention was compared.ResultsThe implementation rates of intervention measures at intervention stage was higher than that of preintervention stage,  the difference was significant(all P＜0.001). Incidence of HAI at intervention stage was lower than that of preintervention stage(5.64%［46/816］ vs 13.45% ［46/342］，χ2 =20.12，P＜0.001). The main infection site  was lower respiratory tract (38.04% ［35/92］).  Incidence of ventilatorassociated pneumonia and catheterrelated bloodstream infection after intervention were both lower than preintervention stage (0.38‰  vs 3.30‰, 0.12‰  vs 1.18‰,respectively). The main isolated pathogens before and after intervention were both grampositive bacteria, accounting for 58.09% and 51.16% respectively.ConclusionRoutine HAI monitoring can reflect the weak links in infection control practice,  HAI can be controlled effectively by carrying out  intervention measures.