ObjectiveTo explore risk factors for healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in patients undergoing craniocerebral operation, and provide guidance for the prevention of HAI in patients in  department of neurosurgery.Methods200 patients who underwent craniocerebral operation in a department of neurosurgery from November 2013 to November 2014 were surveyed, risk factors for HAI were analyzed.ResultsAmong 200 patients undergoing craniocerebral operation, 81 patients developed 99 cases of HAI, HAI rate was 40.50%, HAI case rate was 49.50%; the top five HAI sites were lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, intracranial site, bloodstream, and intestinal tract. Univariate analysis showed that patients’ age ≥60, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)＜15, intraoperative blood loss ≥800 mL, staying in intensive care unit(ICU), indwelling gastric tube, ventricular drainage, using ventilator, tracheotomy, and using H2 receptor antagonists were important risk factors for HAI in patients undergoing craniocerebral operation (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients’ age ≥60, GCS＜15,  staying in ICU, and using H2 receptor antagonists were independent risk factors for HAI in patients undergoing craniocerebral operation.ConclusionStrengthening  the surveillance of HAI patients undergoing craniocerebral operation and realizing risk factors for HAI are helpful for taking comprehensive prevention measures and reducing the incidence of HAI.