ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention on perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in clean incision surgery in a hospital.MethodsFrom 2011, clean incision surgery cases were performed comprehensive intervention, antimicrobial use in 2011-2013 were compared.ResultsA total of 5 945 cases of clean incision surgeries were investigated between 2011 and 2013, 3 827 cases (64.37%) received prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents. Prophylactic antimicrobial usage rates in 2011-2013 were 84.95%, 69.99%, and 52.97% respectively（χ2=380.94， P＜0.001）；the correct rates of medication time were 50.97%, 79.99%, and 98.95% respectively（χ2=827.02， P＜0.001）；the percentages of prophylactic antimicrobial use ≤24 hours were 24.91%,39.96%, and 64.95% respectively（χ2=422.55,P＜0.001）；additional antimicrobial usage rates during surgery were 50.00%, 60.00%, and 80.00% respectively（χ2=59.47，P＜0.001）.ConclusionThe implementation of comprehensive intervention measures can standardize antimicrobial use, reduce prophylactic antimicrobial usage rate, improve the correct rate of medication time, shorten the duration of antimicrobial use, and implement additional use of antimicrobial agents during surgery.