ObjectiveTo understand the infection caused by multidrugresistant organisms(MDROs) in a neurological intensive care unit (NeuroICU), and evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures.MethodsTargeted monitoring on MDROs among patients who hospitalized in a NeuroICU for ＞48 hours between March and December 2011 was implemented, comprehensive intervention measures were taken, MDRO infection before and after intervention was compared.ResultsA total of 932 patients were monitored, 72 (7.73%) developed MDRO healthcareassociated infection(HAI); the top five MDROs were Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The main infection site of MDRO infection was lower respiratory tract, followed by urinary tract and bloodstream. Detection rates of MDROs before and after intervention were 11.70%(n=55) and 3.68%(n=17) respectively(χ2=16.675, P＜0.001).ConclusionPatients in NeuroICU are prone to develop MDRO infection, comprehensive intervention measures can reduce the incidence of HAI.