ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of class 10 000 laminar flow ward on the incidence of healthcareassociated infection (HAI) in patients with initial occurrence of  acute leukemia during induction chemotherapy period.MethodsPatients with initial occurrence of acute leukemia admitted to a hematological department of a hospital between October 2013 and June 2014 were investigated retrospectively,  patients in class 10 000 laminar flow ward was as trial group, in general ward was as control group. All patients received standard induction chemotherapy and the same nursing measures, the incidence of HAI between two groups of patients, and ward air cleanliness were compared.ResultsA total of 79 patients with initial acute leukemia were received (trial group, n=39; control group, n=40). The average  air cleanliness value in rooms and  corridors of laminar flow wards were both significantly different with general ward (3.57×106/m3 vs 149.36×106/m3, t=45.80, P＜0.001; 24.46×106/m3 vs 15 854.38×106/m3, t=108.70， P＜0.001）. Incidence of HAI between trial group and control group was significantly different  (23.08%［9/39］ vs 45.00%［18/40］, χ2=4.219，P=0.040）.  The main infection site in trial group was gastrointestinal tract (n=5), in control group was lower respiratory tract (n=8). The duration of fever, duration and cost of antimicrobial use in trial group were （6.20±2.10）d,（9.35±2.12）d, and （27 113.79±1 559.03）yuan respectively, in control group were (10.20±2.90）d，（14.15±3.14）d, and （58 566.29±2 217.54）yuan respectively, difference in duration of fever and cost of antimicrobial use between two groups were all significant（t=1.021,1 377.45，both P＜0.05）.ConclusionLaminar flow ward can reduce the incidence of HAI in patients with initial occurrence of acute leukemia,  and decrease cost of antimicrobial use.