ObjectiveTo explore causes of fever in patients after the surgery for congenital heart disease(CHD), and put forward corresponding prevention and control measures. MethodsClinical data of patients undergoing surgery for CHD in the department of pediatric surgery of a hospital between January  and May 2013 were analyzed retrospectively, the whole process of operation and postoperative nursing were observed, environmental hygiene monitoring was performed at the same time. Results26 patients all had fever after operation,  fever in 21 cases (80.77%) was caused by noninfectious factors, 5(19.23%）by infectious factors (ventilatorassociated pneumonia in 4 cases, type I incision infection in 1 case).  6 cases were absorption fever,20 were abnormal fever,  difference in patients’ age, duration of invasive manipulation (ventilator, urinary catheter, gastric tube) between two groups of patients were all statistically significant (all P<0.05), patients in the absorption fever group were with older age and short invasive manipulation time. Bacteriological detection rate in 26 patients was 76.92% (n=20), a total of 58 specimens were detected, 7 were positive(from sputum specimens of 4 patients), 5 isolates(71.43%) were  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 52 environmental specimens were collected for detection,  the qualified rate was 80.77% (n=42). ConclusionNoninfectious factors are the main causes of postoperative fever in patients with CHD, health care workers should enhance the awareness of sterilization, standardize all kinds of  medical manipulation, and reduce postoperative fever.