ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors for surgical site infection(SSI) following limb fracture surgery,  and  provide basis for making prevention and control measures. MethodsClinical data of 1 453 patients undergoing limb fracture surgery in 16 hospitals between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2014 were collected, risk factors for SSI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. ResultsAmong 1 453 patients undergoing limb fracture surgery, 12 developed SSI(0.83%). Univariate analysis showed that risk factors for SSI following limb fracture surgery were infection at the other sites 7 days before operation, time from injury to operation, operation opportunity, duration of operation, open fracture, wound type, and anesthesia type ( all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors were wound type, anesthesia type, open fracture, time from injury to operation, and duration of operation, OR(95% CI) were 12.47（2.78-15.88）,11.55（2.84-17.02）,10.79（2.72-11.13）,2.35（2.12-6.81）, and 3.07（1.88-4.13）respectively. ConclusionRisk factors for SSI following limb fracture surgery are multiple, the key to the prevention and control of SSI are identifying risk factors and strengthening the management of key points.