ObjectiveTo explore the impact of healthcareassociated septicemia (HAS) on hospitalization expense as well as length of hospital stay， so as to optimize the allocation of healthcare resources, and provide scientific basis for reducing the economic burden caused by septicemia. MethodsHospitalized patients with confirmed HAS in a tertiary firstclass teaching hospital between June 1, 2012 and May 31, 2015 were investigated retrospectively, control group was set up in a 1:1 ratio, hospitalization expense and length of hospital stay between two groups were compared.ResultsA total of 285 cases and 285 controls were enrolled in the study, the median of hospitalization expense in case group was higher than control group (￥19 718.39 vs ￥9 289.04, P<0.05）; the median of length of hospital stay in case group was longer than control group (14.89 days vs 9.22 days， P<0.05）. The disease burden caused by septicemia in different age groups and departments were different. The improvement rate of case group was lower than control group (76.49% ［218/285］ vs 83.51% ［238/285］，χ2=2.562， P=0.009）. ConclusionAs the common blood stream infection in hospitalized patients, septicemia not only increased the expense of diagnosis and treatment, but also affected turnover rate of hospital bed. Rapid and effective diagnosis and treatment is significant o prevent and control septicemia.