ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of healthcareassociated infection (HAI), communityassociated infection（CAI）, and antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients in medical institutions of Guizhou Province.MethodsIn September 2014, infection status of hospitalized patients in 174 second level hospitals and above in Guizhou Province were performed crosssectional survey.ResultsA total of 68 419 patients were surveyed, the actual survey rate was 99.65%. 1 581 patients developed 1 684 cases of HAI, HAI prevalence rate and HAI case prevalence rate were 2.31％ and 2.46％ respectively, 18 571 patients developed 19 191 cases of HAI, CAI prevalence rate and CAI case prevalence rate were 27.14％ and 28.05％ respectively; patients in general intensive care unit(ICU) and pediatric department(nonneonatal group) had the highest HAI and CAI prevalence rates respectively. Constituent ratios of HAI and CAI sites was significantly different(χ2=17 325.44，P＜0.01）；Escherichia coli was the main pathogen causing HAI and CAI. Utilization rate of antimicrobial agents on the survey day was 39.82%, ICU (80.47%) and pediatric department(76.67%) were the highest. Therapeutic antimicrobial use accounted for 67.48%(n=18 386), single antimicrobial use accounted for 79.55% (n=21 672). Pathogenic detection rate of specimens from patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents was 31.76%.ConclusionThis survey is helpful for understanding the high risk departments and sites of HAI and CAI in Guizhou Province, as well as pathogenic detection rate of specimens from patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents, which provides basis for further prevention and control of HAI.