ObjectiveTo evaluate the prophylactic efficacy and safety of posaconazole against invasive fungal disease（IFD）in hematologic patients with neutropenia.MethodsMedical records of 18 hematologic patients with neutropenia received posaconazole for preventing IFD in a Beijing hospital between 2014 and 2015, the efficacy and safety was evaluated.ResultsThere was no clinical diagnosis or confirmed diagnosis of IFD among 18 patients during posaconazole prophylaxis period, none of patients stopped posaconazole due to severe adverse reaction. Two patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) died of pulmonary infection, 1 of whom isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from sputum culture on the 12th day of posaconazole prophylaxis, the other isolated Escherichia coli from sputum culture on the 14th day of posaconazole prophylaxis. Other patients all adherence to posaconazole prophylaxis until granulocyte count recovered, patients were followed up until 100 days medication, no death occurred. The lowest peripheral neutrophil count was(0.00-0.27)×109/L during posaconazole prophylaxis period, with the median of 0.02×109/L；the duration of posaconazole prophylaxis was 8-27days, with the median of 16 days; among patients without IFD breakthrough or received systemic use of other antifungal agents, there were 2 (11.1%) allcause death within 100 days; there were no adverse reaction, such as liver function abnormalities≥grade 2 and kidney function abnormalities≥grade 2, as well as QTc prolongation.ConclusionPosaconazole is effective for preventing IFD in hematologic patients with neutropenia, adverse reaction is rare.