ObjectiveTo understand serological detection results of syphilis among hospitalized patients in a general hospital, and provide new ideas for further prevention and treatment of syphilis. MethodsClinical data of inpatients with abnormal serological detection results for syphilis in a hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were analyzed. ResultsA total of 164 442 patients were admitted to a hospital from January 2012 to December 2013, 112 576 of whom were performed syphilis serological screening, 2 048 cases were with abnormal results of serological detection for syphilis. The abnormal serological detection results were mainly in patients of 31～ and 41～ years  （39.06%），followed by patients of 51～, 61～ years （34.42%）, and≥71 years （15.63%）；unemployed people（34.08%）, farmers（23.05%）, and retirees(19.19%) were the main population with abnormal results. The abnormal serological detection results distributed in all 36 departments, the main departments were departments of respiratory medicine（9.86%）, gynaecology（7.13%）, and cardiovascular internal medicine（6.88%）. Nonmarital sex is the main route of transmission（56.79%）; the main syphilis serological detection results were both positive for Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA)assay and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) （46.14%）, as well as TPPA positive and RPR negative （43.31%）. 860 (41.99%) patients were with latent syphilis. ConclusionThe current status of patients with abnormal serological detection results of syphilis is not optimistic, mainly concentrated in patients of 31-50 years. It is necessary to strengthen publicity and education on prevention and treatment of syphilis, implement syphilis prevention and treatment policy, intensity syphilis screening， so as to prevent the epidemic and spread of syphilis.