ObjectiveTo understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from blood culture in a hospital in Sanya city.MethodsBlood culture specimens and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results in this hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 356 isolates of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 3 195 blood culture specimens, the positive rate was 11.14%，including 215（60.39%）gramnegative bacterial strains, 122(34.27%) grampositive bacterial strains, and 19(5.34%) fungi strains. The top 3 gramnegative bacteria were Escherichia coli(n=90, 25.28%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=60, 16.85%), and Burkholderia pseudomallei(n=24, 6.74%); the most common grampositive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus(n=42, 11.80%), coagulasenegative staphylococcus(n=38, 10.67%), and Streptococcus spp.(n=33, 9.27%). Resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to cefoperazone/sulbactam，amikacin, and carbapenems were all lower than 10.00%； resistance rates of Burkholderia pseudomallei to most antimicrobial agents were lower than 10.00%. There were no strains of main grampositive bacteria that were found to be resistant to linezolid and vancomycin.ConclusionGramnegative bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infection in this hospital in recent years, especially the isolation rate of Burkholderia pseudomallei is higher, which should arouse more attention in clinic.