ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the risk factors for hospitalacquired pneumonia(HAP) in patients in departments of neurosurgery.MethodsLiteratures about the risk factors for HAP in patients in departments of neurosurgery published at home and abroad between 2001 and 2016 were retrieved, the standard clinical data were selected for Meta analysis, the combined OR value for each factor was calculated. ResultsA total of 7 literatures (3 250 studied objects) were included in the study. Publication bias was excluded, a total of 8 factors were statistically significant, which including age （OR, 1.68 ［95% CI, 1.16-2.11］）, endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy（OR, 11.31 ［95% CI, 9.14-13.63］）, disturbance of consciousness（OR, 12.74 ［95% CI, 10.63-15.91］）, length of hospital stay（OR, 2.36 ［95% CI, 1.42-4.81］）, underlying diseases（OR, 3.17 ［95% CI, 2.18-5.24］）, use of ventilator（OR, 2.38 ［95% CI, 1.56-4.32］）, nutritional status（OR, 4.92 ［95% CI, 2.69-6.47］）, and invasive procedure（OR, 2.13 ［95%CI, 1.34-3.86］）. ConclusionRisk factors for HAP in patients in departments of neurosurgery are age, endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy, disturbance of consciousness, length of hospital stay, underlying diseases, use of ventilator, nutritional status, and invasive procedure. While smoking, gender, and types of surgery are not identified as risk factors for HAP in patients in departments of neurosurgery.