ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during operation, and provide reference for making the prevention and control measures. MethodsOccupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during operation in a tertiary first class hospital between June 2016 and January 2017 were surveyed, the survey included general information about health care workers(HCWs), modes of occupational exposure, exposure sources, types of sharp injuries, manipulation and so on. ResultsA total of 100 HCWs sustained occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during the operation, 64（64.00%）were nurses, followed by doctors(n=30, 30.00%). The main mode of exposure were sharp injuries(n=88, 88.00%）and ocular mucosa exposure (n=10, 10.00%). The main diseases of exposure source were hepatitis B(n=36, 36.00%) and syphilis(n=11, 11.00%). The main sharp device that caused sharp injuries was transfusion system needle(n=31，35.23%），followed by syringe needle (n=24, 27.27%) and suture needle（n=14，15.91%）. The main manipulation resulting of sharp injury was intraoperative manipulation (n=31，35.23%）. ConclusionTraining about occupational exposure should be strengthened among HCWs, it is necessary to improve the record and report process of occupational exposure, strictly require HCWs, especially nurses in accordance with the standard operating procedure during the operation process, so as to reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogen during operation.