ObjectiveTo evaluate the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) after cesarean section in secondary and above medical institutions in China since 2009, and provide data support for monitoring healthcareassociated infection(HAI). MethodsLiteratures on SSI following cesarean section published after 2009 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science&Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, and PubMed, quality of literatures was evaluated by referring to disease incidence or morbidity quality evaluation criteria, combined incidence of SSI was estimated by Meta analysis, subgroup analysis was performed according to the levels of the medical institutions. ResultsA total of 61 literatures were included in the study, 19, 36, and 6 literatures were with quality scores of 7, 6, and 5 respectively, the overall quality of literatures was better. The total sample size was 173 319 cases, 2 860 cases occurred SSI, incidence of SSI after cesarean section was 1.8%(95%CI［1.6%，2.0%］）. Subgroup analysis showed that incidence of HAI in secondary medical institutions was 2.3%(95% CI［1.8%，2.7%］）, which was higher than 1.4%(95%CI［1.2%，1.7%］）of tertiary medical institutions. ConclusionIncidence of SSI after cesarean section in secondary and above medical institutions in China is high, and is different among different levels of medical institutions. Different monitoring baselines should be established according to actual condition, so as to guide HAI control work scientifically.