ObjectiveTo understand the status of mobile phone use and  bacterial carriage on surface of mobile phones used by health care workers(HCWs) in municipal hospitals in a city, explore the influencing factors of mobile phone use behavior and bacterial carriage status. MethodsIn AprilJune, 2016, 111 HCWs in 24 hospitals in a city were performed questionnaire survey, onsite observation, and sampling of mobile phone surface. ResultsA total of 111(100.00%)  available questionnaires were distributed and returned. The average age of  the respondents were （32.00±9.03）years old, female and nurses were predominant. 95.50% of respondents used touch screen mobile phones, 24.32% used mobile phones during diagnosis and treatment, 65.77% used mobile phone >2 hours every day, 93.69% cleaned and disinfected mobile phones, 98.20% thought that pathogenic microorganisms exited on the surface of mobile phones. A total of 111 mobile phone surface specimens were collected, the qualified rate was 80.18%, contamination rate was 95.50%, average colony number was 2.90 CFU/cm2, the maximum bacterial content was 111.60 CFU/cm2. Among 44 specimens of mobile phone surface, 55 strains of 18 species of pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were detected. Age, gender, and occupation were the influencing factors of mobile phone use behavior and attitude; qualified rates were all significantly different among  mobile phones used by HCWs of different gender, occupation, and duration of mobile phone use (all P<0.05); bacterial contamination on the surface of mobile phones used by HCWs of different age, gender, occupation, duration of mobile phone use, and whether to use the phone shell/set were significantly different respectively(all P<0.05). ConclusionPotential pathogens on the surface of mobile phones may cause healthcareassociated infection through the use of mobile phones by HCWs during the process of medical diagnosis and treatment.