ObjectiveRhodococcus equi(R. equi) belongs to Rhodococcus spp., and is a grampositive bacterium. R. equi infection is a rare complication in advanced stage of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diagnosis and treatment of one case of AIDS complicated with R. equi infection in a hospital was summarized, related literatures about AIDS complicated with R. equis infection published at home and abroad between January 2007 and January 2017 were reviewed, so as to improve clinicians’ understanding on clinical characteristics of AIDS combined with R. equi infection, early diagnosis of the disease can be achieved, and at least 2 kinds of antibiotics are selected for antiinfective treatment, highly active antiretroviral therapy can be given as soon as possible, better clinical outcomes can be expected.MethodsResultsConclusion