ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of infection prevention and control measures on the management of rational use of antimicrobial agents.MethodsPatients who were admitted in a hospital from 2011 to 2015 were as the research object, a series of infection prevention and control intervention measure were taken,  efficacy of intervention measures were evaluated.ResultsAfter the implementation of comprehensive intervention measures, compliance rate of hand hygiene increased year by year, from 38.17% in 2011 to 87.16% in 2015, difference was statistically significant （χ2＝48.50, P＜0.05）. Incidence of healthcareassociated infection dropped from 1.45% to 1.06%, difference was statistically significant （χ2＝42.50, P＜0.05）； antimicrobial use density in 2011-2015 were 63.1, 44.4, 40.0, 40.8, and 40.5 respectively, which showed a decreasing tendency. ConclusionEffective infection prevention and control measures have obvious effect on promoting management of rational use of antimicrobial agents, it is helpful for reducing the clinical use density of antimicrobial agents.