ObjectiveTo explore the value of class 100 laminar flow ward in the prevention of infection in patients with hematological malignancies(HM) after chemotherapy. MethodsPatients with HM and received chemotherapy in the department of hematology in a hospital from March 2016 to February 2017 were surveyed retrospectively, according to patients’ wishes, those who were admitted to the class 100 laminar flow ward and received chemotherapy were as trial group, and those who were admitted to the common ward and received chemotherapy were as control group. The incidence of infection, duration of fever, antimicrobial use time, length of hospital stay, and index of infection were compared and analyzed between two groups. ResultsA total of 267 patients with HM received chemotherapy, 74 cases in trial group and 193 in control group. During the chemotherapy period, incidence of infection in trial group was lower than that of control group (47.3% vs 72.0%, P<0.001). Respiratory tract, digestive tract, and urinary tract were main infection sites in both groups. A total of 45 strains of pathogens were isolated from two groups of patients, 7 strains were isolated from trial group and 38 from control group. The isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia， Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and yeast. Duration of fever, antimicrobial use time, and length of hospital stay in trial group were all lower than control group(all P<0.05); serum procalcitonin (PCT) and Creactive protein (CRP) levels in trial group were both lower than control group(both P<0.01), the time for PCT and CRP to return to normal in trial group were both lower than control group(both P<0.05). ConclusionPatients with MH and receive chemotherapy in class 100 laminar flow ward can reduce the incidence of infection, shorten the length of stay, and reduce the economic burden, it is worthy of further clinical promotion.