ObjectiveTo explore the clinical significance of distribution of ABO blood group in patients with deep sternal wound infection(DSWI）after cardiac surgery. MethodsClinical data of 84 patients with DSWI after cardiac surgery in the department of cardiothoracic surgery in General Hospital of China Aviation of China Medical University in 2012-2014 were analyzed retrospectively, according to ABO blood group, patients were divided into 4 groups: A blood group, B blood group, AB blood group, and O blood group, according to whether the blood group was A group, they were divided into A blood group and nonA blood group. Distribution of ABO blood group in DSWI patients was analyzed, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and etiological characteristics of DSWI patients with different ABO blood groups were compared. ResultsAmong patients with DSWI, A blood group and nonA blood group were 33 cases (39.3%) and 51 cases（60.7%） respectively(B, O, and AB blood group were 16 cases［19.1%］, 29 cases ［34.5%］, and 6 cases ［7.1%］ respectively); the proportion of A blood group in DSWI patients was higher than that of the healthy population, but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.055). Distribution of baseline characteristics and incidences of various clinical manifestations among DSWI patients of different blood groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). However, compared with nonA blood group or other ABO blood groups, DSWI patients with A blood group had higher incidence of elevated white blood cell count, difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), positive detection rate of grampositive bacteria in A blood group was also higher, difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, only 3 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected only in B blood group, while gramnegative bacteria were not detected in AB blood group. ConclusionABO blood group may play a role in the pathogenesis of DSWI after cardiac surgery, which may be associated with a specific bacterial infection.