ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from blood specimen, and provide laboratory basis for clinical treatment of bloodstream infection. MethodsPathogens isolated from blood specimen in a hospital laboratory from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016 were identified and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing. ResultsA total of 1 061 pathogenic strains were isolated from blood specimen, of which gramnegative bacillus, grampositive coccus, and fungus accounted for 53.35%（n=566），36.10%（n=383）, and 10.55%（n=112） respectively, the major gramnegative bacillus, grampositive coccus, and fungus were Escherichia coli(E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae), coagulasenegative Staphylococcus, and Candida parapsilosis respectively. Strains were mainly isolated from intensive care unit(ICU, n=308, 29.03%）, followed by hematology department and pediatric internal medicine department. Resistance rates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to imipenem were 2.65% and 40.12% respectively. Extendedspectrum betalactamase (ESBL)producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae accounted for 62.96% and 33.14% respectively. Linezolid and vancomycminresistant Staphylococcus spp. were not found, isolation rates of methicillinresistant coagulasenegative Staphylococcus and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus were 83.61% and 45.45% respectively, one vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium and one linezolidresistant Enterococcus faecium were isolated respectively. ConclusionThere are multiple species of pathogens isolated from blood specimen, distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens casing bloodstream infection should be monitored regularly to guide the empiric antimicrobial therapy.