ObjectiveTo understand status of occupational exposure of health care workers(HCWs), analyze the causes and risk factors, and provide basis for effective precaution measures.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed to investigate and analyze the occupational exposure occurred in a hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016.ResultsA total of 632 cases of occupational exposure occurred in this hospital, 62.02% (n= 392 cases) occurred among nurses, 61.23%(n=387 cases) occurred among HCWs who worked for less than 2 years. The top three occupational exposure opportunities were needle withdrawal after transfusion, centralized disposal of used sharp objects(including needles), and surgical suturing, accounting for 15.19%, 14.71%, and 12.18% respectively. Among devices causing sharp injury, scalp steel needle accounted for the largest proportion (n=137, 23.42%), the next was suture needle(n=96, 16.41%). Hepatitis B virus was the major bloodborne pathogen causing occupational exposure, accounting for 58.86%, followed by unknown exposure sources(18.04%); general ward was the main location of occupational exposure（38.61%）.ConclusionIt is necessary to strengthen occupational safety precaution education, improve HCWs’ ability of preventing occupational hazard, correct potentially dangerous operation, strengthen classification and management of medical waste, so as to reduce hazard to HCWs induced by occupational exposure.