ObjectiveTo investigate status and influencing factors of hand hygiene(HH) of hospitalized puerperas while breastfeeding, and take intervention measures to improve HH status of puerperas.MethodsA selfdesigned questionnaire was used to investigate puerperas in the department of obstetrics in a hospital from April to May 2017, training about HH knowledge and skill was carried out, compliance rate and correct rate of HH among puerperas before and after training were observed.ResultsA total of 48 puerperas were included in the investigation. The survey results showed that only 54.17% of puerperas washed their hands before breastfeeding; compliance rate and correct rate of HH before intervention were 44.05% and 45.95% respectively, after intervention were 79.49% and 61.29% respectively, difference in compliance rate was statistically significant before and after intervention (χ2 =21.37, P＜0.01）.ConclusionSystematic and standardized training on HH knowledge and skill for puerperas is helpful for improving their compliance and standardization of HH, which is of great significance for reducing maternal and infant infection.