ObjectiveTo compare difference in antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilia influenzae(H. influenzae) causing pulmonary infection between returned migrant workers’ children(RMWC) and local resident farmers’ children(LRFC).MethodsChildren from a local area who diagnosed with pulmonary infection and performed sputum bacterial culture in a hospital from January 2012 to June 2015 were investigated, those who isolated H. influenzae were divided into RMWC group and LRFC group according to whether they had ever followed their parents to work or study outside the local area or only stayed in the local area. Infection characteristics of two groups of children were analyzed, resistance rate of H. influenzae between two groups was compared.ResultsA total of 6 989 patients were investigated, 635 strains of H. influenzae were isolated from sputum specimens, isolation rate was 9.09%; incidence of H. influenzae pulmonary infection in RMWC group was higher than that of LRFC group (12.11% vs 8.47%, P<0.01). 12 children（8.39%） had ever migrated across 4 provinces and municipalities, 24 children（16.78%） had ever migrated across 3 provinces and municipalities; regional distribution was mainly in Guangdong Province (n=92, 31.40%），followed by Zhejiang Province（n=87， 29.69%）and Jiangsu Province （n=66，22.53%）. The age of both RMWC group and LRFC group were mainly less than three years old, infection time was mainly 1-3 month. Resistance rates of H. influenzae from sputum specimens of RMWC group to cefotaxime, cefepime, cefaclor, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were all higher than those of LRFC group（all P＜0.05）， βlactamaseproducing rate was also higher （χ2=24.35，P＜0.01）.ConclusionResistance rate of H. influenzae isolated from RMWC group is higher than that of LRFC group with pulmonary infection, which may be related to extensive migration, patients get drug resistance through respiratory tract transmission, and antimicrobial use rule in different migrated regions.