ObjectiveTo analyze healthcareassociated infection(HAI) crosssectional survey results in a psychiatric hospital from 2005 to 2016, so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of infection risk in psychiatric hospitals.MethodsA crosssectional survey was performed through combination of individual case survey, bedside survey, and medical records reviewing, occurrence of HAI and antimicrobial use in all hospitalized patients on a given day of each year from 2005 to 2016 were investigated.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2016, a total of 8 006 hospitalized patients were performed crosssectional survey, the actual investigation rate was 100.00%, average HAI prevalence rate was 3.46%; the main infection site was respiratory tract; 203 patients with HAI were aged≥55 years, accounting for 73.29%. The daily use rate of antimicrobial agents was 3.72%, mainly for therapeutic purpose (86.24%) and monodrug use(81.88%). Specimen submission rate in patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial use was 45.91%. A total of 17 pathogenic strains were detected on the crosssectional survey day in 2005-2016, mainly Escherichia coli(41.18%), multidrugresistant organism was not found.ConclusionPsychiatric hospitals need to enhance management awareness of prevention of HAI risk, prevent and control HAI according to characteristics of psychiatric hospitals, and effectively prevent the occurrence of HAI.