ObjectiveTo understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from patients with breast abscess during lactation, so as to guide clinicians to make rational treatment.MethodsPathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility testing result of pathogens isolated from breast abscess of lactation patients in a specialty hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 142 specimens from breast abscess were collected, 98 of which were isolated 99 strains of pathogens, there were 94 strains (94/99, 94.95%) of Staphylococcus aureus（S. aureus）, 43 (43/94, 45.74%) strains of methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA), 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 S. epidermidis, 1 Enterococcus faecalis, and 1 Proteus penneri. Resistance rate of S. aureus to penicillin was up to 90.43%, resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline were 55.32%, 39.36%, and 27.66% respectively, to ciprofloxacin, mupirocin, compound sulfamethoxazole, and amikacin were relatively low, none strains were found to be resistant to vancomycin, fusidic acid, teicoplanin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and linezolid; resistance rates of 43 strains of MRSA to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline were 83.72%, 72.09%, and 44.19% respectively.ConclusionThe main pathogens causing breast abscess during lactation are S. aureus, and its’ resistance rates to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline are relatively high, these antimicrobial agents should not be empirically selected for the treatment of breast abscess. MRSA should be paid attention, antimicrobial agents should be chosen according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing result, patients who suspended breastfeeding needs to be guided to remove breast milk.