Objective To investigate the high risk factors and effective prevention and control measures for infection in parturients and neonates with premature rupture of fetal membranes. Methods Medical records of patients with premature rupture of fetal membranes in a hospital from January 1999 to December 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Forty-nine infection occurred among 1 416 ( 3.46%) inpatients. The constitutional ratio of genital tract infection in parturients was 32.26%, and incisional infection was 22.58%. The constitutional ratio of lower respiratory tract infection in neonates was 57.14%, and skin infection was 23.81%. Conclusion Premature rupture of fetal membranes is a high risk factor for infection in parturients and neonates. Preventive antimicrobial agents usage, early diagnosis of infection and timely termination of pregnancy are effective means to prevent infection caused by premature rupture of fetal membrane.