Objective To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection(NI) in neonates and the effect of improved preventing measures.Methods A case-control study was used and the conditional logistic regression model was applied in this study.The NI rates were prospectively surveyed after the interventions were adopted according to the risk factors.Results By analyzing 14 related factors,3 factors were of statistically significant from the results of both univariate analysis and multiple conditional logistic regression.After preventive measures were applied,NI rates decreased from(16.20%) of the latter half of 2003 to(8.29%) during the same period of 2004.Conclusion Intensive care unit,invasive operation and long hospital stay were risk factors for neonatal NI.Improving the neonatal immunity,strengthening the handwashing and implementing the standard disinfection were much helpful for the control of the neonatal nosocomial infection.