Objective To explore the effect of constructing the evaluation system of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) quality indicators on controlling HAI. Methods All inpatients who were hospitalized in a tertiary first-class hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the research objects, differences in process and outcome indicators of HAI before (January-December 2017) and after intervention (January-December 2018) were compared. Results The numbers of inpatients during the same period before and after intervention were 106 558 and 111 094 respectively, HAI cases were 1 803 and 1 526 respectively, case incidence of HAI decreased from 1.69% to 1.36%, difference was statistically significant(χ²=38.040, P<0.001); compared with before intervention, case incidence of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) HAI, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and catheter-related urinary tract infection (CAUTI) all decreased significantly after the intervention, differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). After intervention, isolation rate of MDRO, utilization rate of antimicrobial agents, utilization rate of urinary catheter, and missing report rate of HAI were lower than before intervention, prevention rate of VAP, implementation rate of MDRO infection prevention and control measures, as well as pathogen detection rate before therapeutic antimicrobial use were all higher than before intervention, differences were all statistica-lly significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Constructing the evaluation system of HAI quality indicators can promote the implementation of infection control measures and reduce the incidence of HAI.