Bacterial biofilm is a special existing mode of bacteria which is different from free state. Because of the unique physicochemical properties of bacterial biofilm, it is difficult to be detected and eliminated, which leads to a considerable number of refractory infectious diseases in clinical practice. There is dormant bacteria-persisters in biofilm which make infection more difficult to cure due to drug resistance. Actively exploring how to prevent and treat biofilm infection has practical guiding significance for clinical treatment. At present, there are many non-specific strategies to prevent biofilm-related infection, including:(1) preventing microbial contamination of medical devices; (2) minimizing microbial adherence to medical devices; (3) directly removing the source of infection. In addition, people have actively explored the treatment of biofilm infection by physical means, application of antimicrobial agents and antibacterial polypeptide, as well as inhibition and disintegration of biofilm. Resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents in persistent infection caused by biofilm suggests that biofilm prevention and control strategies need to be improved urgently, and new prevention and control strategies need to be explored urgently.