Objective To explore the necessity of antimicrobial use in patients with pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland during perioperative period. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the occurrence of surgical site infection(SSI) in patients with pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland after head and neck surgery from January 2015 to January 2017, patients were divided into trial group and control group according to whether they used antimicrobial agents during perioperative period. Incidence of SSI was compared between two groups. Results A total of 92 patients were enrolled, including 45 in trial group and 47 in control group. There were no significant difference in maximum body temperature, drainage volume, and extubation time between two groups of patients within 1 week after operation (all P>0.05). Incision of SSI in trial group and control group were 11.11% (5/45) and 14.89% (7/47) respectively, there was no significant difference in SSI incidence between two groups(χ²=0.76,P=0.41). Conclusion Perioperative use of antimicrobial agents in patients with pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland can not further reduce the incidence of SSI after operation.