Objective To explore the cleaning and disinfection effect of wipes with different material on the surface of environmental object. Methods Cleaning and disinfection of the same object surface were set up control group and experimental group (4 groups), experimental group 1 was wiped with ultrafine fiber cloth+detergent, experimental group 2 with common cotton cloth+detergent, experimental group 3 with ultrafine fiber cloth+disinfectant, and experimental group 4 with common cotton cloth+disinfectant; another control group and experimental group (group A and B) were also set up, group A was wiped with disposable disinfection wet wipes containing 2 000 mg/L double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant, group B was wiped with ultrafine fiber cloth+detergent, control group didn't take any wiping measures, 50 specimens were collected from each group, the total number of bacterial colonies, qualified rate, and average clearance rate of bacteria of each group were calculated. Results A total of 400 specimens were taken. The qualified rates of experimental group 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 90.00%, 66.00%, 98.00%, and 92.00% respectively; the qualified rates of ultrafine fibre cloth+detergent and ultrafine fibre cloth+disinfec-tant were both higher than that of common cotton cloth, difference were both statistically significant (both P<0.05). Bacterial clearance rates of ultrafine fibre cloth combined with detergent and disinfectant were 91.99% and 94.00% respectively; bacterial clearance rates of common cotton cloth combined with detergent and disinfectant were 64.07% and 90.00% respectively. After wiping the surface of hospital environmental objects with superfine fibre cloth combined with detergent and disposable disinfection wet wipes, the average clearance rates were 91.00% and 92.01% respectively. Conclusion Ultrafine fiber material has better disinfection and cleaning effect, application of this material can reduce the use of disinfectant, not only conducive to environmental protection, but also reduce clinical workload.