Objective To compare the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in adult patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) through peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and central venous catheter (CVC), and provide evidence for selecting suitable venous access devices in HPN patients. Methods Studies about CRBSI incidence in HPN patients were searched by computer from Cochrane Library, JBI Library, PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, China Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), VIP Database, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from the establishment to March 2019, Stata 13.0 was used to perform Meta-analysis. Results A total of 1 407 patients in 9 cohort studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of CRBSI in HPN patients using PICC was lower than that in HPN patients using CVC (12.14% vs 37.18%, RR=0.42, 95% CI:0.34-0.52). Six literatures reported the incidence of CRBSI per 1 000 catheter days, results showed that incidence of CRBSI in PICC was lower than that in CVC (12.97% vs 37.21%, RR=0.37, 95% CI:0.23-0.60). Subgroup analysis results showed that incidence of CRBSI in patients in PICC group were all lower than CVC group in the following subgroups:different PICC placement groups (ultrasound guidance, X-ray examination, unreported), reported CRBSI diagnostic method group, different vascular catheterization day groups (reported group and unreported group), and reported infectious flora species group, differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with CVC, the risk of CRBSI is lower when adult HPN patients choose PICC for treatment.