Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are infectious diseases newly emerged or newly recognized among population, as well as infectious diseases that have been recognized in the past, but incidence or geographical area of diseases has increased or will increase rapidly, usually refer to the infectious diseases found since the 1970s. Due to the lack of background information, it is difficult to give early warning and response in time, EIDs pose a huge threat to human health. Hospital is the main battlefield to deal with EIDs, in recent years, hospitals revealed the problems of low early warning ability, insufficient preparation, and weak disposal capacity in the face against EID events. Strengthening the ability of monitoring, early warning and response to EIDs is of great significance to improve the overall level of disease prevention and control in China. In this paper, advances in EID symptom monitoring, early warning and disposal capacity of hospitals at home and abroad are reviewed.