Objective To investigate the psychological coping ability and influencing factors of health care workers(HCWs) in designated hospitals for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) during anti-epidemic process, and provide theoretical basis for improving the psychological intervention of medical institutions and HCWs in dealing with sudden infectious diseases. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to investigate HCWs who participated in first-line anti-epidemic of COVID-19 in designated hospitals in 3 districts and 5 counties in Fuyang City from 25 to 29, February 2020. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to investigate the anxiety and depression of HCWs, influencing factors of anxiety and depression of HCWs was compared and analyzed. Results A total of 1 426 HCWs were investigated, 194 of whom had anxiety, incidence was 13.60%; incidence of anxiety in female was higher than that in male (15.48% vs 8.55%, P=0.001), incidences of anxiety in nurses (15.59%) and medical technicians (15.09%) were higher than that in doctors (9.09%), diffe-rence was statistically significant (P=0.008). 395 HCWs (27.70%) suffered from depression, incidence of depression in female was higher than that in male (29.13% vs 23.83%, P=0.038), incidences of depression in nurses (29.25%) were higher than that in doctors (21.53%), difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). SAS score and SDS score of 1 426 HCWs were (39.20±9.42) and (42.57±11.78) respectively. SAS and SDS scores of female were both higher than male; SAS and SDS scores of nurses and medical technicians were both higher than doctors, differences were both statistically significant (both P < 0.05). SDS score in HCWs with junior college degree or below was higher than that of HCWs with bachelor degree or above; SDS score of HCWs with junior professional title was higher than that of HCWs with intermediate and senior professional title, differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion HCWs participating in the first-line anti-epidemic all had different degrees of psychological pressure, medical institutions should pay attention to the establishment of the disposal system of public health emergencies and the training of HCWs' coping ability.