Objective To establish an evaluation system for hand hygiene (HH) surveillance data of heath care workers (HCWs) during diagnosis and treatment. Methods In September 1-30, 2019, information about the implementation of HH of doctors and nurses in general intensive care unit (ICU), departments of respiratory diseases, orthopedics, infectious diseases, pediatric outpatient and emergency, and hemodialysis room was obtained through on-site investigation by HH observers. The workload of surveyed departments, consumption of HH products and actual number of opened beds of medical institutions were investigated, compliance rates of HH and daily consumption of HH products were calculated. Results The examination and verification of HH survey data in 1 480 medical institutions were qualified, HH should be implemented 1 353 531 times, HH were actually implemented 1 076 639 times, implementation of correct HH was 891 185 times, compliance rate of HH was 79.54%, correct HH implementation rate was 82.77%. Compliance rates of HH in different scales of medical institutions were 76.26%-82.84%, which was lowest in those with 600-899 actual opened beds, correct rates of HH were 81.87%-84.01%, which was lowest in those with ≥900 actual opened beds. Compliance rates of HH in surveyed department were 76.80%-84.44%, which was lowest in departments of pediatric outpatient and emergency, correct rates of HH were 81.19%-84.98%, which was lowest in department of orthopedics. HH compliance rates at five HH moments were 67.59%-89.84%, which was lowest after touching patient surroundings, correct rates of HH implementation were 81.51%-86.76%, which was lowest after touching patient surroundings. Consumption of HH products in general ICU, departments of respiratory diseases, orthopedics, and infectious diseases were 56.62, 10.76, 9.50, and 14.54 mL/bed-days respectively, consumption of HH products in department of pediatric outpatient and emergency as well as hemodialysis room was 2.02 and 9.06 mL/person-time respectively. Among different scales of medical institutions, consumption of HH products in general ICU was highest in those with 600-899 opened beds (61.15 mL/bed-days), consumption of HH products in departments of respiratory diseases, orthopedics, and infectious diseases was the highest in those with >900 opened beds(13.61, 10.96, and 16.55 mL/bed-days respectively), consumption of HH products in department of pediatric outpatient as well as emergency and hemodialysis room was highest in those with 300-599 opened beds (2.53, 10.76 mL/bed-days respectively). Conclusion HH compliance rates and daily consumption of HH products in medical institutions of different scales obtained in this survey can be used as a benchmark, which provide a control system for the implementation of HH in medical institutions, so as to promote the continuous improvement of HH in medical institutions in China.