Objective To evaluate the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after total hysterectomy, provide strategies for the prevention and control of SSI. Methods Occurrence and pathogens of SSI in gynecological malignant tumor patients after total hysterectomy in a tumor hospital of Hubei Province From January 2014 to December 2019 was investigated retrospectively, risk factors for SSI were analyzed. Results 978 patients with gynecological malignant tumor underwent total hysterectomy, 94 (9.61%) of whom had SSI, 14 (1.43%) were superficial incisional infection, 80 (8.18%) were organ space infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with pre-operative hypoproteinemia (OR=2.3, 95% CI [1.3-4.1]) and operation time more than 3 hours (OR=3.4, 95% CI [1.0-10.9]) had an increased risk of SSI, which were independent risk factors for SSI after total hysterectomy. 59 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from surgical infection site, mainly Escherichia coli (62.71%, 37 strains). Conclusion Patients with gynecologic malignant tumor after total hysterectomy have high incidence of SSI, pre-operative hypoproteinemia and operation time are independent risk factors for SSI, corresponding measures should be taken.