Objective To explore the significance of air bacterial monitoring in the maintenance and management of air quality in clean operating department. Methods Static and dynamic air monitoring of sedimentated bacteria was carried out in 45 operating rooms in the clean operating department of a hospital. Static air monitoring was conducted based on Code for architectural design of hospital clean operating department (GB 50333) and dynamic air monitoring was conducted according to Code for control of contamination of hospital clean operating department (DB/11408-2007). Dynamic air monitoring was performed during different time periods of the first operation (at skin incision, 2 hours after the operation or at the end of suture, consecutively occupied operating room-anesthesia-skin disinfection), relevant factors that might affect the indoor air quality during operation was recorded. When qualified rate of dynamic and static air monitoring was low, the causes was found out, and the management mea-sures were formulated and implemented. Results From May 2010 to September 2021, 782 static air specimens of operating rooms were taken, and 763 (97.57%) were qualified. Static air sampling of six room were taken in June 2018, with a qualified rate of 33.33%, the causes for the non-qualified result was analyzed, and measures were taken, qualified rate of static air monitoring from November 2018 to September 2021 was 99.48%. Dynamic air monitoring results show that dynamic air monitoring results of different grades of operating rooms in May 2010 were all unqualified, from June 2010 to June 2011, 103 dynamic air specimens were taken, qualified rates of grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ operating rooms were 90.00%, 89.80% and 95.45% respectively. Colony number of the return air outlet at different positions in grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ operating rooms was compared, colony number of the return air outlet at the entrance was higher than that of the inner return air outlet, differences were all significant (all P < 0.05). The dynamic air sampling colony numbers of grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ operating rooms in different periods were compared, differences were all significant (all P < 0.001), and the colony number in all grades of operating rooms increased gradually with the operation progress. Conclusion Static and dynamic air monitoring in clean operating room plays a good role in maintaining and managing the air quality in clean operating room; dynamic air monitoring can timely grasp the operating status and bacterial contamination in operating department.