Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) spreads widely in medical institutions. CRE infection is difficult to cure with high mortality, thus brings severe challenges to the clinic and society. Active screening on CRE from patients and environment as well as taking corresponding prevention and control strategies in medical institutions according to the screening results can reduce the spread of CRE in medical institutions. This article reviews the significance of active screening on CRE, the screening strategies for patients and hospital environment, as well as the prevention and control strategies for CRE, so as to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of CRE in medical institutions.