Objective To evaluate the pathogenic characteristics and risk factors of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection after Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD). Methods Medical data of TAAD patients in a thoracic hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, patients with MDRO infection after operation were selected as case group, case-control matching was conducted according to 1∶3 matching, the influencing factors of MDRO infection were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 578 patients with TAAD were investigated, 34 of whom developed MDRO infection after operation. The main pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (28 strains, 47.46%), Acinetobacter baumannii (16 strains, 27.12%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 strains, 13.56%). 105 non-infection cases were matched in control group. Univariate analysis showed that the duration of operation, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU), duration of invasive ventilation, constituent ratio of continuous renal replacement therapy and duration of post-operative enteral nutrition in case group were all higher than those in control group; the amount of blood transfusion (red blood cells, platelets and plasma) in case group were all higher than control group; differences were all significant (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the length of stay in ICU (OR=1.071), duration of invasive ventilation (OR=1.013) and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR=6.739) were independent risk factors for MDRO infection after TAAD operation (all P < 0.05). Conclusion MDRO infection after TAAD operation is mainly Gram-negative bacterial infection, duration of invasive ventilation in patients should be shortened to ensure renal blood supply, timely and effective renal replacement therapy should be considered to reduce complications, shortening the length of stay in ICU can reduce the risk of MDRO infection after operation.