Objective To understand the real situation of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) quality control indexes of medical institutions (MIs) through comparison of process and outcome data reported by MIs on HAI monitoring data platform in Guizhou Province. Methods Process and outcome data of HAI management quality control indexes reported by MIs participating in HAI monitoring platform of Guizhou Province from January 1 to December 31, 2019 were collected by retrospective survey and statistically analyzed. Results Process and outcome data of HAI monitoring of 12 MIs in Guizhou Province were collected. HAI incidences were 1.03% and 1.15%; HAI prevalence rates were 1.37% and 2.31%; antimicrobial agents usage rates were 50.33% and 48.65%; inpatients' pathogen examination rates before antimicrobial treatment were 13.90% and 37.70%; surgical site infection rates of class I incision were 0.13% and 0.29%; incidences of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) were 0.06 ‰ and 0.50‰; incidences of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) were 1.11 ‰ and 1.60 ‰. Referring to the detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRPA) and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), and inpatients' antimicrobial usage rates in 12 MIs, all process data were higher than outcome data with statistical difference (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Process data of HAI monitoring is more accurate than outcome data. All regions should actively promote the reporting of process data, and improve the authenticity of HAI management quality control indexes.