Objective To investigate the current situation of the construction of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) management system at all levels of maternal and child health care (MCH) institutions in China, and provide reference for national policy-making on strengthening HAI management in MCH institutions. Methods A stratified sampling was conducted in MCH institutions at provincial, municipal, and district/county levels in 8 provinces/ci-ties/autonomous regions, and online surveys were carried out via a unified survey questionnaire designed through "questionnaire star". Results The data of 123 MCH institutions were included for analysis. Among all the HCM institutions, 97.56% have set up HAI management committees; 98.33% convened special meeting sessions on HAI management at least twice a year; 87.81% have set up independent HAI management departments; 92.68% were directly led by the directors or deputy directors of the institutions; 90.24% have set up clinical HAI management teams. 52.03% of the institutions met the quantity requirements of full-time infection prevention and control (IPC) personnel, only 11.38% met both major and quantity requirements. More than 90% of institutions had established 9 (out of the 12) HAI management systems included in this survey. Conclusion All levels of national MCH institutions have generally established relatively complete organizational structures and HAI management systems, but the construction of a dedicated team of HAI personnel needs to be strengthened.