Objective To investigate the implementation of gargling before oral diagnosis and treatment, and explore the measures for improving prevention and control of aerosol contamination. Methods A tertiary stomatological specialty hospital was selected, with a baseline survey period from July to December 2020 and project intervention period from January to June 2021 (comprehensive intervention was adopted). The implementation rate of gargling and per capita consumption of hydrogen peroxide gargling solution in each department before diagnosis and treatment were monitored, effectiveness and differences among different departments before and after intervention were compared respectively. Results After implementing targeted monitoring on gargling and comprehensive intervention measures before diagnosis and treatment, the implementation rates of gargling in all departments increased, the overall implementation rate increased from 39.28% before the intervention to 55.30% after intervention (all P < 0.05). Except for the department of prosthodontics, per capita consumption of hydrogen peroxide solution in other departments after intervention all improved compared with before intervention (all P < 0.05). The consumption of hydrogenperoxide solution was high in departments of periodontics, endodontics, and dental implant, which were (52.605±12.293), (22.495±1.943), and (23.879±1.673) mL/person/time, respectively. Conclusion The implementation of gargling before oral diagnosis and treatment as a targeted monitoring index for stomatological specialty hospital can determine the key aspects and key departments for oral infection prevention and control, and provide reference for formulating targeted oral infection prevention and control strategies.