With the continuous development and progress of medicine, new medical concepts and terms have emerged, such as preemptive prevention. This paper introduces the concept, connotation and methods of preemptive prevention, and focuses on the application of preemptive prevention in the field of infectious diseases. The diffe-rences and connections among preemptive prevention and other similar terms such as general prevention and targeted prevention are analyzed, providing guidance for the clinical application of this theory to medical personnel.