Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Its clinical manifestations are diverse, often recurring and accompanied by sepsis, and it is prone to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, resulting in a high mortality. This paper analyzes a case of melioidosis sepsis combined with hemophagocytic syndrome, and further summarizes the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the disease based on domestic and foreign li-teratures, so as to reduce misdiagnosis and mistreatment of the disease and improve survival rate of patient.