A 58-year-old male patient with decompensated cirrhosis after hepatitis B and type Ⅱ diabetes for 12 years was admitted to hospital due to abdominal distension, edema and oliguria in recent one month. During hospitalization period, the patient experienced chills and fever, blood specimens were taken for culture, empirical anti-infection treatment with cefoperazone/sulbactam was given. The diagnosis of bloodstream infection caused by non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae was confirmed, antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that cefoperazone/sulbactam was sensitive, current antimicrobial agent was continued, cefoperazone/sulbactam 3 g q12h was changed to 3 g q8h treatment. After 10 days, the patient had no fever, blood and fecal cultures were negative for Vibrio cholerae, condition was improved and patient was discharged from the hospital.